Algebra and Geometry Review – Exercise 03

QUESTION 1: Evaluating an expression with a negative exponent

Rewrite the following without an exponent: 8^-2

EXPLANATION:
For any nonzero number a and any whole number n, we have the following.
Rule 1:                  a^-n = 1/a^n
Move a^-n to the denominator and change -n to n
Rule 2:                  1/a^-n = a^n
Move a^-n to the numerator and change -n to n

We need to rewrite 8^-2 without an exponent:
To do this, we first use Rule 1 and move 8^-2 to the denominator, making the exponent positive and evaluate
8^-2 = 1/8^2       using Rule 1
= 1/64                   Since 8^2 = 64

ANSWER: 1/64

QUESTION 2: Introduction to the power of a power rule of exponents

Simplify and write your answer without parentheses: (z^4)^3

EXPLANATION:
                Method 1: By definition, the exponent 3 tells us how many times z^4 appears in the product.
                (z^4)^3 = z^4 * z^4 * z^4
                Each exponent of 4 in this product tells us how many z's to multiply.
                (z^4)^3 = z^4 * z^4 * z^4
                = z^4*z^4*z^4 * z^4*z^4*z^4 * z^4*z^4*z^4
                We see that we are multiplying a total of 3 * 4 = 12 z’s. So, we have the following:
                (z^4)^3 = z^12
                Note that we get 12 by multiplying the exponents 3 and 4.
               
                Method 2: The method above suggests a rule called the power of a power rule of exponents.
                It says that for any integers m and n, and any number a, we have the following:
                (a^m)^n = a^(m*n)
                Using the rule with the current problem, we get the following:
                (z^4)^3 = z^(4*3)
                = z^12  
ANSWER: z^12

QUESTION 3: Factoring a quadratic with leading coefficient 1

                Factor: y^2 – 9y + 20

EXPLANATION: To factor y^2 – 9y + 20 is to write it as a product (y + m)(y + n) , where m and n are integers.
y^2 – 9y + 20 = (y + m)(y + n)
From this equation, we get that the product of m and n is 20 and their sum is -9.
We see that m = -4 and n = -5 have a product of 20 and a sum of -9. So we get the following:
y^2 – 9y + 20 = (y - 4)(y - 5)

ANSWER: (y - 4)(y - 5)

QUESTION 4: Order of operations with integers

Evaluate 6/(-3)–(-3)

EXPLANATION: There are two operations in this problem: a division and a subtraction.
                We must follow the rules for order of operations.
                We do multiplication and division before addition and subtraction.
                6/(-3)–(-3) = -2 – (-3)       Do the division before the subtraction.
                = -2 + 3                 Change subtraction to addition, change the sign of the number that was subtracted
                = 1
ANSWER: 1

QUESTION 5: Quotient of expressions involving exponents

                Simplify: x^5y^4 / xy^6

EXPLANATION: We simplify as follows
                x^5y^4 / xy^6 = x^4y^4 / y^6      Canceling the common factor x
                = x^4 / y^2          Canceling the common factor y^4
ANSWER: x^4 / y^2

QUESTION 6: Exponents and signed fractions

Evaluate and write your answers as fractions: (-1/3)^2, 3 / 4^3

EXPLANATION: These expressions involve exponents. We evaluate as follows
                (-1/3)^2 = -1/3 * -1/3 = 1/9
                3 / 4^3 = 3 / (4*4*4) = 3/64
Note that the exponent applies only to the denominator

ANSWER:
(-1/3)^2 = 1/9
3 / 4^3 = 3/64

QUESTION 7: Evaluating an expression with a negative exponent

                Rewrite the following without an exponent: (5/2)^-3
               
EXPLANATION: For any non-zero rational number a/b and any whole number n, we have the following
(a/b)^-n = (b/a)^n
                = b^n / a^n
                We'll apply this rule to (5/2)^-3
                (5/2)^-3 = (2/5)^3
                = 2^3 / 5^3
                = 8/125
ANSWER: 8/125


Algebra and Geometry Review – Exercise 03


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